Bolívar called for the abolition of slavery in 1816, later acknowledging that the people in his home region were a mix of hues and backgrounds.Best Known For: Simón Bolívar was a Venezuelan military leader who was instrumental in the revolutions against the Spanish empire.Several cities and towns throughout the United States are named in his honor and statues and roads bearing his name can be found in a variety of international locales, including Egypt, Australia and Turkey. Today, Bolívar's legacy can be seen in the multitude of statues and plaza squares bearing his likeness throughout South and North America. On December 17, 1830, however, Simón Bolívar died in Santa Marta, Colombia, after a battle with what may have been tuberculosis. He resigned this post in 1830 and made plans to sail for exile in Europe. As a temporary measure, Bolívar declared himself dictator in 1828, though in September of the same year he escaped an assassination attempt with aid from his mistress and fellow revolutionary Manuela Sáenz. Despite his desire to create a union of states similar to that which created the United States of America, Bolívar faced opposition from internal factions throughout the huge Gran Colombia, with there being a push to form single nations. Accomplishmentsīolívar had succeeded in uniting much of South America in a federation free from Spanish control, but the government was fragile. Further maneuvers saw him named Dictator of Peru in 1824, followed by the creation of Bolivia in 1825. This federation included much of what is now Venezuela, Colombia, Panama and Ecuador. 1821 saw the creation of the Gran Colombia, under Bolívar's leadership. Gaining support from Haiti, Bolívar returned to his home continent and became involved in a number of military battles, eventually able to claim several territories. His idea of being a nation's chief who could not be removed from power would be heavily critiqued by other leaders and intellectuals. There he wrote his famous "Letter From Jamaica," detailing his vision of a South American republic with a parliamentary setup modeled after England and a life-long president. Bolívar was hailed as El Libertador (The Liberator), though civil war soon erupted in the republic, forcing him to flee to Jamaica and seek foreign aid. He and his followers invaded Venezuela on this marked the beginning of his "Campaña Admirable" (Admirable Campaign), which resulted in the formation of the Venezuelan Second Republic later that year. The fight for control of Caracas, Venezuela and most of South American continued on back home.įinally, Bolívar returned to Venezuela and began a campaign to wrest control of that country from the Spanish. The resistance group based in Caracas gained independence in 1810, and Bolívar traveled to Britain on a diplomatic mission. When Napoleon named Joseph Bonaparte King of Spain and its colonies, which included Venezuela, Bolívar joined the resistance movement. RevolutionĪfter her death, Bólivar returned to Europe and kept company with Napoleon. When the young couple returned to Venezuela to visit in 1803, however, María Teresa sickened and died of yellow fever. In Spain, he continued his education, begun in Venezuela with tutors, and married María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa in 1802. Young Bolívar moved to Spain in 1799 after the deaths of his parents. Bolívar was born into a prosperous family who took their money from rich gold and copper mines they owned in Venezuela. Simón José Antonio de la Santísma Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios was born on Jin Caracas, New Granada (now Venezuela). In 1825, the "Republic of Bolivia" was created in honor of the inspirational leader, hailed by many as El Libertador (The Liberator). After France invaded Spain in 1808, he became involved in the resistance movement and played a key role in the Spanish American fight for independence. Born into wealth, Bolívar was sent to Spain for his education, soon deciding to immerse himself in the political sphere in Europe. Simón Bolívar was a South American soldier who was instrumental in the continent's revolutions against the Spanish empire.
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